Corpus Reformatorum

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The tremendous changes in the role and significance of religion during Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation affected all of society. Yet, there have been few attempts to view medicine and the ideas underpinning it within the context of the period and see what changes it underwent. Medicine and the Reformation charts how both popular and official religion affected orthodox medicine as well as more popular healers. Illustrating the central part played by medicine in Lutheran teachings, the Calvinistic rationalization of disease, and the Catholic responses, the contributors offer new perspectives on the relation of religion and medicine in the early modern period. It will be of interest to social historians as well as specialists in the history of medicine..

"Most of the essays contained in this volume were delivered as lectures at the Annual Convocation of Lancaster Theological Seminary in January 1963. The Lancaster convocation marked the opening on this side of the Atlantic of the celebration of the 400th anniversary of the Heidelberg Catechism. At about the same time a similar celebration was being held at the University of Heidelberg in Germany, the home of the Catechism." -- From the introduction..

“The New Testament on marriage and divorce has exercised a deep influence upon Western civilisation. This is especially the case with the logia on divorce which are recorded in the Gospels of Matthew v. 32, XIX 3—12, Mark X. 2—12 and Luke XVI. 18. The Apostle Paul deals with the subject in 1 Corinthians VII. 1—15. Within the Christian churches the statements in these texts are considered authoritative concerning the questions of whether or not marriage is indissoluble, and whether divorce and remarriage are allowed for one or several reasons. The purpose of this study is to examine the interpretation of the New Testament divorce texts during the Reformation period. The significance of the exegetical results achieved by the reformers can be appreciated only in the light of the medieval sacramental concept of marriage and the work of the Christian humanists; accordingly, the investigation begins with an examination of these two subjects, as well as the reaction of Roman Catholic exegetes to the interpretation of Erasmus. The interpretations of Luther and his associates and those of the prominent Reformed theologians follow. The works of representative English theologians have been studied, beginning with Willian Tyndale and Thomas Cranmer and ending with John Milton, whose works on divorce from an exegetical point of view terminate a period during which the meaning of the divorce texts was explored.” ‑From the Foreword.

The extra Calvinisticum, the doctrine that the eternal Son maintains his existence beyond the flesh both during his earthly ministry and perpetually, divided the Lutheran and Reformed traditions during the Reformation. This book explores the emergence and development of the extra Calvinisticum in the Reformed tradition by tracing its first exposition from Ulrich Zwingli to early Reformed orthodoxy. Rather than being an ancillary issue, the questions surrounding the extra Calvinisticum were a determinative factor in the differentiation of Magisterial Protestantism into rival confessions. Reformed theologians maintained this doctrine in order to preserve the integrity of both Christ's divine and human natures as the mediator between God and humanity. This rationale remained consistent across this period with increasing elaboration and sophistication to meet the challenges leveled against the doctrine in Lutheran polemics. The study begins with Zwingli's early use of the extra Calvinisticum in the Eucharistic controversy with Martin Luther and especially as the alternative to Luther's doctrine of the ubiquity of Christ's human body. Over time, Reformed theologians, such as Peter Martyr Vermigli and Antione de Chandieu, articulated the extra Calvinisticum with increasing rigor by incorporating conciliar christology, the church fathers, and scholastic methodology to address the polemical needs of engagement with Lutheranism. The Flesh of the Word illustrates the development of christological doctrine by Reformed theologians offering a coherent historical narrative of Reformed christology from its emergence into the period of confessionalization. The extra Calvinisticum was interconnected to broader concerns affecting concepts of the union of Christ's natures, the communication of attributes, and the understanding of heaven..

In this new account of the emergence of a distinctive territorial state in early modern Germany, Robert von Friedeburg examines how the modern notion of state does not rest on the experience of a bureaucratic state-apparatus. It emerged to stabilize monarchy from dynastic insecurity and constrain it to protect the rule of law, subjects, and their lives and property. Against this background, Lutheran and neo-Aristotelian notions on the spiritual and material welfare of subjects dominating German debate interacted with Western European arguments against 'despotism' to protect the lives and property of subjects. The combined result of this interaction under the impact of the Thirty Years War was Seckendorff's Der Deutsche Fürstenstaat (1656), constraining the evil machinations of princes and organizing the detailed administration of life in the tradition of German Policey, and which founded a specifically German notion of the modern state as comprehensive provision of services to its subjects..

The classic biography of the most engaging of Henry VIII's wives..

Historians and scholars of the Reformation's earliest century are invited to expand their understanding of that critical era by an examination of aspects of Reform which are lesser known than Luther and his activities. This volume widens and deepens and broadens our perceptions of »the Reformation« and reminds us that in fact what we have in the 16th and early 17th century are »Reformations«. On the occasion of the 500th anniversary of the German monk and reformer Martin Luther posting his theses (October 31, 1517), the contributors of this volume invite us to expand our understanding of »the Reformation« by an examination of aspects of Reform which are lesser known than Luther to probe some less-explored corners of the Reformation. To be sure, Martin Luther himself receives attention in this volume. But the aim of this book is really to take the occasion provided by the increased attention paid to the Reformation during the year 2017 to explore other theologians, movements, and ideas. The expanding of the scholarly mind and opening up of new vistas often overshadowed by larger figures, like Luther, can only be good for the study of the Reformation and Early Modern era. This volume is intended for students of early modern Church history with a particular focus on the non-Lutheran aspects of that history..

This book attempts to understand Calvin in his 16th-century context, with attention to continuities and discontinuities between his thought and that of his predecessors, contemporaries, and successors. Muller pays particular attention to the interplay between theological and philosophical themes common to Calvin and the medieval doctors, and to developments in rhetoric and method associated with humanism..

In The Reformation of Historical Thought, Mark Lotito re-examines the development of Western historiography by concentrating on Philipp Melanchthon (1497-1560) and his universal history, Carion’s Chronicle (1532), which transformed the early modern understanding of the Holy Roman Empire..

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Skip Worden shows the profound transformation of Christian thought on economics from the beginning of the Commercial Revolution to the fifteenth-century Renaissance. Worden explains how the general antagonism toward the pursuit of wealth before the Commercial Revolution turned into Protestant theologians' fighting against the prevailing view of a pro-wealth paradigm during the fifteenth century..

This 2-volume history of the Reformation has been written with the intention of describing a great religious movement amid its social environment. A History of the Reformation, in the author's opinion, must describe five distinct but related things – the social and religious conditions of the age out of which the great movement came; the Lutheran Reformation down to 1555, when it received legal recognition; the Reformation in countries beyond Germany which did not submit to the guidance of Luther; the issue of certain portions of the religious life of the Middle Ages in Anabaptism, Socinianism, and Anti-Trinitarianism; and, finally, the Counter-Reformation. The first volume describes the eve of the Reformation and the movement itself under the guidance of Luther, while in the second volume the author deals with the Reformation beyond Germany, with Anabaptism, Socinianism, and kindred matters which had their roots far back in the Middle Ages, and with the Counter-Reformation in the sixteenth century._x000D_ _x000D_ _x000D_.

Anne Boleyn, condemned and executed by her husband, Henry VIII, is given a warmer interpretation by biographer, Paul Friedmann, This volume covers Boleyn's life from Chapter IX, The Northern Confederacy to Anne's Last Days..

Reformation Thought, 4th edition offers an ideal introduction to the central ideas of the European reformations for students of theology and history. Written by the bestselling author and renowned theologian, Alister McGrath, this engaging guide is accessible to students with no prior knowledge of Christian theology. This new edition of a classic text has been updated throughout with the very latest scholarship Includes greater coverage of the Catholic reformation, the counter-reformation, and the impact of women on the reformation Explores the core ideas and issues of the reformation in terms that can be easily understood by those new to the field Student-friendly features include images, updated bibliographies, a glossary, and a chronology of political and historical ideas This latest edition retains all the features which made the previous editions so popular with readers, while McGrath's revisions have ensured it remains the essential student guide to the subject..

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This third volume of the comprehensive international reference work on the interpretation of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament deals with its reception within the time span of 1300-1800, from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment. Written by Jewish and Christian experts..