Enabling 6g Mobile Networks

This book tackles the 6G odyssey, providing a concerted technology roadmap towards the 6G vision focused on the interoperability between the wireless and optical domain, including the benefits that are introduced through virtualization and software defined radio. The authors aim to be at the forefront of beyond 5G technologies by reflecting the integrated works of several major European collaborative projects (H2020-ETN-SECRET, 5GSTEPFWD, and SPOTLIGHT). The book is structured so as to provide insights towards the 6G horizon, reporting on the most recent developments on the international 6G research effort. The authors address a variety of telecom stakeholders, which includes practicing engineers on the field developing commercial solutions for 5G and beyond products; postgraduate researchers that require a basis on which to build their research by highlighting the current challenges on radio, optical and cloud-based networking for ultra-dense networks, including novel approaches; and project managers that could use the principles and applications for shaping new research proposals on this highly dynamic field..

This book is the world’s first book on 6G Mobile Wireless Networks that aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of key drivers, use cases, research requirements, challenges and open issues that are expected to drive 6G research. In this book, we have invited world-renowned experts from industry and academia to share their thoughts on different aspects of 6G research. Specifically, this book covers the following topics: 6G Use Cases, Requirements, Metrics and Enabling Technologies, PHY Technologies for 6G Wireless, Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface for 6G Wireless Networks, Millimeter-wave and Terahertz Spectrum for 6G Wireless, Challenges in Transport Layer for Tbit/s Communications, High-capacity Backhaul Connectivity for 6G Wireless, Cloud Native Approach for 6G Wireless Networks, Machine Type Communications in 6G, Edge Intelligence and Pervasive AI in 6G, Blockchain: Foundations and Role in 6G, Role of Open-source Platforms in 6G, and Quantum Computing and 6G Wireless. The overarching aim of this book is to explore the evolution from current 5G networks towards the future 6G networks from a service, air interface and network perspective, thereby laying out a vision for 6G networks. This book not only discusses the potential 6G use cases, requirements, metrics and enabling technologies, but also discusses the emerging technologies and topics such as 6G PHY technologies, reconfigurable intelligent surface, millimeter-wave and THz communications, visible light communications, transport layer for Tbit/s communications, high-capacity backhaul connectivity, cloud native approach, machine-type communications, edge intelligence and pervasive AI, network security and blockchain, and the role of open-source platform in 6G. This book provides a systematic treatment of the state-of-the-art in these emerging topics and their role in supporting a wide variety of verticals in the future. As such, it provides a comprehensive overview of the expected applications of 6G with a detailed discussion of their requirements and possible enabling technologies. This book also outlines the possible challenges and research directions to facilitate the future research and development of 6G mobile wireless networks..

AI-ENABLED 6G NETWORKS AND APPLICATIONS Provides authoritative guidance on utilizing AI techniques in 6G network design and optimization Written and edited by active researchers, this book covers hypotheses and practical considerations and provides insights into the design of evolutionary AI algorithms for 6G networks, with focus on network transparency, interpretability and simulatability for vehicular networks, space systems, surveillance systems and their usages in different emerging engineering fields. AI-Enabled 6G Networks and Applications includes a review of AI techniques for 6G Networks and will focus on deployment of AI techniques to efficiently and effectively optimize the network performance, including AI-empowered mobile edge computing, intelligent mobility and handover management, and smart spectrum management. This book includes the design of a set of evolutionary AI hybrid algorithms with communication protocols, showing how to use them in practice to solve problems relating to vehicular networks, aerial networks, and communication networks. Reviews various types of AI techniques such as AI-empowered mobile edge computing, intelligent handover management, and smart spectrum management Describes how AI techniques manage computation efficiency, algorithm robustness, hardware development, and energy management Identifies and provides solutions to problems in current 4G/5G networks and emergent 6G architectures Discusses privacy and security issues in IoT-enabled 6G Networks Examines the use of machine learning to achieve closed-loop optimization and intelligent wireless communication AI-Enabled 6G Networks and Applications is an essential reference guide to advanced hybrid computational intelligence methods for 6G supportive networks and protocols, suitable for graduate students and researchers in network forensics and optimization, computer science, and engineering..

This book weaves emerging themes in future 6G and Next G networks carefully together. It points to three spheres of contexts with different narratives for the year 2030 and beyond, in which the coming Metaverse as the precursor of the future Multiverse can be embedded naturally. The book aims at providing the reader with new cross-disciplinary research material, ranging from communication and computer science to cognitive science, social sciences, and behavioral economics, for building a deeper Metaverse. It will be instrumental in helping the reader find and overcome some of the most common 6G and Next G blind spots. Modern networks are more than communication and computer science. They may be better viewed as techno-social systems that exhibit complex adaptive system behavior and resemble biological superorganisms. 6G and especially Next G should go beyond continuing the linear incremental 6G=5G+1G mindset of past generations of mobile networks. To this end, the book: Helps readers inquire into new areas of knowledge or understanding that they didn’t have or didn’t pay attention to find their 6G/Next G blind spots Highlights the unique potential benefits of the virtual world for society in that it provides a useful extension of the real-world economy by compensating for its well-known market failures, e.g., rising income inequality Provides a comprehensive description of the original Metaverse vision and highlights the different Metaverse components, applications, open research challenges, and early Metaverse deployment examples from both industry and academia Describes how the Multiverse goes beyond the Metaverse origins and explores the importance of experience innovation since experiences play a central role in the Metaverse Explains Web3 and the emerging field of token engineering and tokenization, i.e., the process of creating tokenized digital twins via programmable tokens, which are viewed as the killer application of Web3 networks for creating technology-enabled social organisms and restoring tech-driven common goods Reviews anticipated 6G paradigm shifts and elaborates on the difference between 6G and Next G research, including Next G Alliance’s audacious goals and their symbiotic relationship between technology and a population’s societal and economic needs Doubles down on the mutually beneficial symbiosis between digitalization and biologization for our possible evolution into future metahumans with infinite capabilities by making us smarter and creating a fundamentally new form of sociality in the Metaverse and Multiverse as well as the future stigmergy enhanced Society 5.0 by leveraging on time-tested self-organization mechanisms borrowed from nature Presents a variety of different concepts of the true nature of reality that bring us closer to the original Metaverse vision and explains how 6G, Next G, and the Metaverse may eventually pave the way to the peak-experience machine that democratizes access to the upper range of human experiences Touches on the possible transition from communication to services beyond communication, most notably the cross-cultural phenomenon of communitas in anthropology and its increasing degrees of perceived connectedness with others, the world, and oneself, given the importance of creating a deep sense of community in the Metaverse Written for students, network researchers, professionals, engineers, and practitioners, 6G and Onward to Next G: The Road to the Multiverse explores the latest Internet developments, with a particular focus on 6G and Next G networks in the context of the emerging Metaverse and future Multiverse as the successors of today’s mobile Internet that has defined the last two decades..

There is a need to be aware of the challenges awaiting us in next generation (NextGen) networks in order to take the proper steps to either minimize or eliminate issues as they present themselves. Incorporating artificial intelligence in NextGen networks for privacy and security policies will serve this purpose. It is essential to stay current with these emerging technologies and applications in order to maintain safe and secure communications in the future. Challenges and Risks Involved in Deploying 6G and NextGen Networks explores strategies for the design and deployment of more secured and user-centered NextGen networks through artificial intelligence to enrich user experience. It further investigates the political, social, and geographical challenges involved in realizing these 6G networks and explores ways to improve the security of future potential applications as well as protect user data from illegal access. Covering topics such as deep learning algorithms, aerial network communication, and edge computing, this major reference work is an indispensable resource for regulatory and policy groups, associations and technology groups, government and international bodies, technology executives and technical institutions, management consulting and advisory firms, communication engineers, network engineers, students and educators of higher education, researchers, and academicians..

With speeds of up to 20 gigabits per second and the ability to support up to one million devices per square kilometer, 5G — the current generation of mobile communications technology — may seem impressive, but 6G is set to take these capabilities even further. Envisioned to deliver a peak data rate of 1 terabit per second and latency of 100 microseconds or less, 6G must be able to seamlessly and securely deliver data in an ever increasingly saturated network of wireless connections without exceeding the energy requirements of 5G.This book covers every aspect of future communications, from key technologies, to design challenges, network requirements, and users experiences; to standardization, chip design, and industry applications from 5G to 6G. It presents the requirements and use cases of 6G, RF transceivers roadmap for 2030 and beyond, and modeling of RF devices for 5G/6G applications. In here, a modified Shannon's capacity formula that is critical for future advanced wireless communications such as 6G is discussed for the first time. It also presents the standardization of 6G wireless communication systems with emphasis on Standard Development Organizations (SDOs), regulatory bodies and administrations, ITU, industry forums, and 6G standard timeline. The book presents an RF/mm-wave integrated circuit design for future communications to provides readers with an easy-to-understand overview of voltage-controlled oscillators, power amplifiers, low-noise amplifiers, frequency synthesizers, high-frequency dividers, and chip-to-chip communications isolation technology.This book is an excellent reference for readers specializing in electrical and electronic engineering, wireless communication, integrated circuit design, circuits and systems, to learn more about 5G and even 6G communication standards and RF/mm-wave IC design. In particular, professionals working in the foundry, fabless semiconductor companies, original equipment manufacturers, and integrated device manufacturers will also benefit from this book..

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING The 20 chapters address AI principles and techniques used in wireless communication and networking and outline their benefit, function, and future role in the field. Wireless communication and networking based on AI concepts and techniques are explored in this book, specifically focusing on the current research in the field by highlighting empirical results along with theoretical concepts. The possibility of applying AI mechanisms towards security aspects in the communication domain is elaborated; also explored is the application side of integrated technologies that enhance AI-based innovations, insights, intelligent predictions, cost optimization, inventory management, identification processes, classification mechanisms, cooperative spectrum sensing techniques, ad-hoc network architecture, and protocol and simulation-based environments. Audience Researchers, industry IT engineers, and graduate students working on and implementing AI-based wireless sensor networks, 5G, IoT, deep learning, reinforcement learning, and robotics in WSN, and related technologies..

This book contributes to the body of scholarly knowledge by exploring the main ideas of wireless networks of past, present, and future, trends in the field of networking, the capabilities of 5G and technologies that are potential enablers of 6G, potential 6G applications and requirements, as well as unique challenges and opportunities that 6G research is going to offer over the next decade. It covers research topics such as communication via millimeter-waves, terahertz waves and visible light to enable faster speeds, as well as research into achieving other basic requirements of 6G networks. These include low end-to-end latency, high energy efficiency, coverage that is ubiquitous and always-on, integration of terrestrial wireless with non-terrestrial networks, network management that is made more effective by connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities, as well as support for the evolution of old service classes and support for new ones..

6G Frontiers Enables readers to understand the exciting new technologies, architectural directions, technical aspects, and applications of 6G, plus legal and standardization approaches 6G Frontiers offers intelligent insight into the ongoing research trends, use cases, and key developmental technologies powering the upcoming 6G framework. The authors cover a myriad of important topics that intersect with 6G, such as hyper-intelligent networking, security, privacy, and trust, harmonized mobile networks, legal views, and standards initiatives. The work also explores the more extreme and controversial predictions surrounding 6G, such as hyper-connected smart cities, space tourism, and deep-sea tourism. Sample thought-provoking topics covered in the comprehensive work include: Evolution of mobile networks, from 0G to 6G, including the driving trends, requirements, and key enabling technologies of each generation Logistics of 6G networks, which are expected to offer peak data rates over 1 Tbps, imperceptible end-to-end delays (beneath 0.1 ms), and network availability and reliability rates beyond 99.99999% New technology requirements for 6G, such as Further enhanced Mobile Broadband (FeMBB), ultra-massive Machine-Type Communication (umMTC), Mobile BroadBand and Low-Latency (MBBLL), and massive Low-Latency Machine Type communication (mLLMT) Potential architectural directions of 6G, including zero-touch network and service management, intent-based networking, edge AI, intelligent network softwarization, and radio access networks A complete and modern resource for understanding the potential development, logistics, and implications of 6G networks, 6G Frontiers is a must-read reference for researchers, academics, and technology architects who wish to understand the cutting-edge progress that is being made towards better and faster wireless mobile technology..

6G Wireless: The Communication Paradigm Beyond 2030 offers a thorough discussion of some key emerging technologies such as Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), Aerial Computing, Terahertz (THz) Communications, Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) and Rate Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA). The book provides a comprehensive coverage of the vision, requirements, use cases, enabling technologies, and challenges for the future 6G wireless communication systems. This includes discussions on how 6G and future IoT systems will enable extremely low latency healthcare systems, smart industry, haptic communications, programmable wireless environment (PWE), advanced VR/AR and holographic communications. IRS is expected to play a prominent role in 6G and the book thoroughly discusses the role of IRS in enabling physical layer security, UAV communications as well as D2D communications. It also explains channel modeling for IRS enabled PWE. Another key aspect of the book is that it provides a comprehensive discussion on security challenges of emerging 6G systems and their potential solutions. Apart from this, it also explains how blockchain techniques can be used for future IoT applications such as intelligent manufacturing and asset tracking. Written in tutorial style, the book is primarily intended for postgraduate students and researchers in the broad domain of wireless communications as well as research-active academics. The book can also be useful as a reference book for BSc/MSc project/thesis works..

Driving 5G Mobile Communications with Artificial Intelligence towards 6G presents current work and directions of continuously innovation and development in multimedia communications with a focus on services and users. The fifth generation of mobile wireless networks achieved the first deployment by 2020, completed the first phase of evolution in 2022, and started transition phase of 5G-Advanced toward the sixth generation. Perhaps one of the most important innovations brought by 5G is the platform-approach to connectivity, i.e., a single standard that can adapt to the heterogeneous connectivity requirements of vastly different use cases. 5G networks contain a list of different requirements, standardized technical specifications and a range of implementation options with spectral efficiency, latency, and reliability as primary performance metrics. Towards 6G, machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) methods have recently proposed new approaches to modeling, designing, optimizing and implementing systems. They are now matured technologies that improve many research fields significantly. The area of wireless multimedia communications has developed immensely, generating a large number of concepts, ideas, technical specifications, mobile standards, patents, and articles. Identifying the basic ideas and their complex interconnections becomes increasingly important. The book is divided into three major parts, with each part containing four or five chapters: Advanced 5G communication Machine learning-based communication and network automation Artificial Intelligence towards 6G The first part discusses three main scenarios and standard specification of 5G use cases (eMBB, URLLC, mMTC), vehicular systems beyond 5G, and efficient edge architecture on NFV infrastructure. In the second part, different AI/ML-based methodologies and open research challenges are presented in introducing 5G-AIoT artificial intelligence of things, scheduling in 5G/6G communication systems, application of DL techniques to modulation, detection, and channel coding as well as 5G Open Source tools for experimentations and testing. The third part paved the way to deployment scenarios for different innovative services including technologies and applications of 5G/6G intelligent connectivity, AI-assisted eXtended Reality, integrated 5G-IoT architecture in next-generation Smart Grid, privacy requirements in a hyper-connected world, and evaluation of representative 6G use cases and technology trends. The book is written by field experts from Europe and Mauritius who introduce a blend of scuentific and engineering concepts covering this emerging wireless communication era. It is a very good reference book for telecom professionals, engineers, and practitioner in various 5G vertical domains and, finally, a basis for student courses in 5G/6G wireless systems..

Artificial intelligence (AI), the internet of things (IoT), and blockchain provide services to 6G in the form of radio resource management, mobility management, energy management, and network management. Moreover, 6G strengthens AI and blockchain-based applications. Further study on the benefits and potential opportunities of 6G for AI and blockchain is required to utilize the technology successfully. Role of 6G Wireless Networks in AI and Blockchain-Based Applications considers the role of the 6G wireless network deployed on AI and blockchain technology-based applications in fields such as the healthcare industry, agriculture, e-business, and transportation. The book specifically focuses on remote healthcare monitoring, online shopping preference, V2V communication, UAV, holographic application, and augmented and virtual reality as advanced services of 6G networks. Covering topics such as machine learning, smart cities, and virtual reality, this reference work is ideal for computer scientists, policymakers, researchers, scholars, academicians, practitioners, instructors, and students..

The sixth generation of wireless communication (6G), succeeding 5G cellular technology, opens up several possibilities in terms of technology and its offered services. 6G is expected to allow usage of available higher frequency spectrums to cater to increased capacity, throughput, and low latency ( To make this book a fundamental resource, we have invited world-renowned experts in 6G from the industry and academia to pen down their ideas on different aspects of 6G research. The chapters in this book cover a broader scope and various related and unrelated verticals. Specifically, this book covers the following topics: 6G use cases, requirements, and enabling technologies new spectrums and their challenges for 6G privacy preservation in 6G networks aerial infrastructure for 6G networks economic challenges associated with 6G wireless networks. The encompassing intent of this book is to explore the evolution from current 5G networks towards the future 6G networks from a service, air interface, and network perspective, thereby laying out a vision for 6G networks..

This book provides a comprehensive overview of blockchain for 6G-enabled network-based applications. Following the key services of blockchain technology, this book will be instrumental to ideate and understand the necessities, challenges, and various case studies of different 6G-based applications. The emphasis is on understanding the contributions of blockchain technology in 6G-enabled applications, and its aim is to give insights into evolution, research directions, challenges, and the ways to empower 6G applications through blockchain. The book consistently emphasizes the missing connection between blockchain and 6G-enabled network applications. The entire ecosystem between these two futuristic technologies is explained in a comprehensive manner. The book constitutes a one-stop guide to students, researchers, and industry professionals. The book progresses from a general introduction toward more technical aspects while remaining easy to understand throughout. Comprehensive elaboration of material is supplemented with examples and diagrams, followed by easily understandable approaches with regard to technical information given thereon. Blockchain and its applications in 6G-enabled applications can drive many powerful solutions to real-world technical, scientific, and social problems. This book presents the most recent and exciting advances in blockchain for 6G-enabled network applications. Overall, this book is a complete outlet and is designed exclusively for professionals, scientists, technologists, developers, designers, and researchers in network technologies around blockchain integration with IoT, blockchain technology, information technology, and 6G-enabled industrial applications. Secondary readers include professionals involved in policy making and administration, security of public data and law, network policy developers, blockchain technology experts, regulators, and decision makers in government administrations..

This textbook introduces Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques for wireless communications and networks, helping readers to find solutions for communications and network problems using AI. Artificial Intelligence for 6G introduces, in a step-by-step manner, AI techniques such as: unsupervised learning; supervised learning; reinforcement learning; and deep learning. It explains how these techniques can be used for wireless communications and network systems, particularly in designing and optimizing 6G networks. This book is at the forefront of 6G research, and will be of interest internationally, to graduate students, academics, engineers, and developers who are focused on future development of network systems and mobile communications..

To overcome the constraints of 5G for supporting new challenges, 6G wireless systems must be developed with new and attractive features. These systems are expected to increase performance and maximize quality of service several folds more than 5G along with other exciting features. However, 6G is still in its infancy and must be explored. The Handbook of Research on Design, Deployment, Automation, and Testing Strategies for 6G Mobile Core Network discusses the technological feats used in the new 6G wireless systems. It discusses the design, automation, and uses for industry as well as testing strategies. Covering topics such as 6G architecture, smart healthcare, and wireless communication, this major reference work is an excellent resource for computer scientists, engineers, students and professors in higher education, researchers, and academicians..

AI-ENABLED 6G NETWORKS AND APPLICATIONS Provides authoritative guidance on utilizing AI techniques in 6G network design and optimization Written and edited by active researchers, this book covers hypotheses and practical considerations and provides insights into the design of evolutionary AI algorithms for 6G networks, with focus on network transparency, interpretability and simulatability for vehicular networks, space systems, surveillance systems and their usages in different emerging engineering fields. AI-Enabled 6G Networks and Applications includes a review of AI techniques for 6G Networks and will focus on deployment of AI techniques to efficiently and effectively optimize the network performance, including AI-empowered mobile edge computing, intelligent mobility and handover management, and smart spectrum management. This book includes the design of a set of evolutionary AI hybrid algorithms with communication protocols, showing how to use them in practice to solve problems relating to vehicular networks, aerial networks, and communication networks. Reviews various types of AI techniques such as AI-empowered mobile edge computing, intelligent handover management, and smart spectrum management Describes how AI techniques manage computation efficiency, algorithm robustness, hardware development, and energy management Identifies and provides solutions to problems in current 4G/5G networks and emergent 6G architectures Discusses privacy and security issues in IoT-enabled 6G Networks Examines the use of machine learning to achieve closed-loop optimization and intelligent wireless communication AI-Enabled 6G Networks and Applications is an essential reference guide to advanced hybrid computational intelligence methods for 6G supportive networks and protocols, suitable for graduate students and researchers in network forensics and optimization, computer science, and engineering..