The Clone Codes The Clone Codes 1

Duplicated passages of source code - code clones - are a common property of software systems. While clones are beneficial in some situations, their presence causes various problems for software maintenance. Most of these problems are strongly related to change and include, for example, the need to propagate changes across duplicated code fragments and the risk of inconsistent changes to clones that are meant to evolve identically. Hence, we need a sophisticated analysis of clone evolution to better understand, assess, and manage duplication in practice. This thesis introduces Clone Evolution Graphs as a technique to model clone relations and their evolution within the history of a system. We present our incremental algorithm for efficient and automated extraction of Clone Evolution Graphs from a system's history. The approach is shown to scale even for large systems with long histories making it applicable to retroactive analysis ofclone evolution as well as live tracking of clones during software maintenance.We have used Clone Evolution Graphs in several studies to analyze versatile aspects of clone evolution in open-source as well as industrial systems. Our results show that the characteristics of clone evolution are quite different between systems, highlighting the need for a sophisticated technique like Clone Evolution Graphs to track clones and analyze their evolution on a per-system basis. We have also shown that Clone Evolution Graphs are well-suited to analyze the change behavior of individual clones and can be used to identify problematic clones within a system. In general, the results of our studies provide new insights into how clones evolve, how they are changed, and how they are removed..

It is my pleasure to write the preface for Information Processing and Management. This book aims to bring together innovative results and new research trends in inf- mation processing, computer science and management engineering. If an information processing system is able to perform useful actions for an obj- tive in a given domain, it is because the system knows something about that domain. The more knowledge it has, the more useful it can be to its users. Without that kno- edge, the system itself is useless. In the information systems field, there is conceptual modeling for the activity that elicits and describes the general knowledge a particular information system needs to know. The main objective of conceptual modeling is to obtain that description, which is called a conceptual schema. Conceptual schemas are written in languages called conceptual modeling languages. Conceptual modeling is an important part of requi- ments engineering, the first and most important phase in the development of an inf- mation system..

Redundancies in program source code - software clones - are a common phenomenon. Although it is often claimed that software clones decrease the maintainability of software systems and need to be managed, research in the last couple of years showed that not all clones can be considered harmful. A sophisticated assessment of the relevance of software clones and a cost-benefit analysis of clone management is needed to gain a better understanding of cloning and whether it is truly a harmful phenomenon. This thesis introduces techniques to model, analyze, and evaluate versatile aspects of software clone evolution within the history of a system. We present a mapping of non-identical clones across multiple versions of a system, that avoids possible ambiguities of previous approaches. Though processing more data to determine the context of each clone to avoid an ambiguous mapping, the approach is shown to be efficient and applicable to large systems for a retrospective analysis of software clone evolution. The approach has been used in several studies to gain insights into the phenomenon of cloning in open-source as well as industrial software systems. Our results show that non-identical clones require more attention regarding clone management compared to identical clones as they are the dominating clone type for the main share of our subject systems. Using the evolution model to investigate costs and benefits of refactorings that remove clones, we conclude that clone removals could not reduce maintenance costs for most systems under study..

The three-volume sets constitute the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management, KSEM 2022, held in Singapore, during August 6–8, 2022. The 169 full papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 498 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Volume I:Knowledge Science with Learning and AI (KSLA) Volume II:Knowledge Engineering Research and Applications (KERA) Volume III:Knowledge Management with Optimization and Security (KMOS).

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Smart Trends in Information Technology and Computer Communications, SmartCom 2016, held in Jaipur, India, in August 2016. The 106 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 469 submissions. The papers address issues on smart and secure systems; technologies for digital world; data centric approaches; applications for e-agriculture and e-health; products and IT innovations; research for knowledge computing..

Numbers, Information and Complexity is a collection of about 50 articles in honour of Rudolf Ahlswede. His main areas of research are represented in the three sections, `Numbers and Combinations', `Information Theory (Channels and Networks, Combinatorial and Algebraic Coding, Cryptology, with the related fields Data Compression, Entropy Theory, Symbolic Dynamics, Probability and Statistics)', and `Complexity'. Special attention was paid to the interplay between the fields. Surveys on topics of current interest are included as well as new research results. The book features surveys on Combinatorics about topics such as intersection theorems, which are not yet covered in textbooks, several contributions by leading experts in data compression, and relations to Natural Sciences are discussed..

This book contains the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Agile Software Development, XP 2015, held in Helsinki, Finland, in May 2015. While agile development has already become mainstream in industry, this field is still constantly evolving and continues to spur an enormous interest both in industry and academia. The XP conference series has always played, and continues to play, an important role in connecting the academic and practitioner communities, providing a forum for both formal and informal sharing and development of ideas, experiences, and opinions. The theme of XP 2015 "Delivering Value: Moving from Cyclic to Continuous Value Delivery" reflects the modern trend towards organizations that are simultaneously very efficient and flexible in software development and delivery. The 15 full and 7 short papers accepted for XP 2015 were selected from 44 submissions. All of the submitted papers went through a rigorous peer-review process. Additionally, 11 experience reports were selected from 45 proposals, and in each case the authors were shepherded by an experienced researcher..

The three-volume set constitutes the proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Applications, WASA 2022, which was held during October 28-30, 2022. The conference took place in Dalian, China.The 95 full and 62 short papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 265 submissions. The contributions in theoretical frameworks and analysis of fundamental cross-layer protocol and network design and performance issues; distributed and localized algorithm design and analysis; information and coding theory for wireless networks; localization; mobility models and mobile social networking; underwater and underground networks; vehicular networks; algorithms, systems, and applications of edge computing.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Product-Focused Software Process Improvement, PROFES 2016, held in Trondheim, Norway, in November 2016. The 24 revised full papers presented together with 21 short papers, 1 keynote, 3 invited papers, 5 workshop papers. 2 doctoral symposium papers, and 6 tutorials were carefully reviewed and selected from 82 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on Early Phases in Software Engineering; Organizational Models; Architecture; Methods and Tools; Verification and Validation; Process Improvement; Speed and Agility in System Engineering; Requirements and Quality; Process and Repository Mining; Business Value and Benefits; Emerging Research Topics; and Future of Computing..

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21th International Conference on Information and Communications Security, ICICS 2019, held in Beijing, China, in December 2019. The 47 revised full papers were carefully selected from 199 submissions. The papers are organized in topics on malware analysis and detection, IoT and CPS security enterprise network security, software security, system security, authentication, applied cryptograph internet security, machine learning security, machine learning privacy, Web security, steganography and steganalysis..

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, FASE 2011, held in Saarbrücken, Germany, March 26—April 3, 2011, as part of ETAPS 2011, the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software. The 29 revised full papers presented together with one full length invited talk were carefully reviewed and selected from 99 full paper submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on verification, specification and modeling, reachability and model checking, model driven engineering, software development for QoS, testing: theory and new trends, testing in practice, code development and analysis, and empirical studies..

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Practical Aspects of Declarative Languages, PADL 2010, held in Madrid, Spain, in January 2010, colocated with POPL 2010, the Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages. The 22 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 58 submissions. The volume features original work emphasizing novel applications and implementation techniques for all forms of clarative concepts, including functions, relations, logic, and constraints. The papers address all current aspects of declarative programming; they are organized in topical sections on non-monotonic reasoning - answer set programming, types, parallelism and distribution, code quality assurance, domain specific languages, programming aids, constraints, and tabling - agents..

This book presents high-quality, original contributions (both theoretical and experimental) on software engineering, cloud computing, computer networks & internet technologies, artificial intelligence, information security, and database and distributed computing. It gathers papers presented at ICRIC 2019, the 2nd International Conference on Recent Innovations in Computing, which was held in Jammu, India, in March 2019. This conference series represents a targeted response to the growing need for research that reports on and assesses the practical implications of IoT and network technologies, AI and machine learning, cloud-based e-Learning and big data, security and privacy, image processing and computer vision, and next-generation computing technologies..

In this book, the authors highlight recent findings that hold the potential to improve software products or development processes; in addition, they help readers understand new concepts and technologies, and to see what it takes to migrate from old to new platforms. Some of the authors have spent most of their careers in industry, working at the frontiers of practice-based innovation, and are at the same time prominent researchers who have made significant academic contributions. Others work together with industry to test, in industrial settings, the methods they’ve developed in the lab. The choice of subject and authors represent the key elements of this book. Its respective chapters cover a wide range of topics, from cloud computing to agile development, applications of data science methods, re-engineering of aging applications into modern ones, and business and requirements engineering. Taken together, they offer a valuable asset for practitioners and researchers alike..

This book explores a range of important theoretical and practical issues in the field of computational network application tools, while also presenting the latest advances and innovations using intelligent technology approaches. The main focus is on detecting and diagnosing complex application performance problems so that an optimal and expected level of system service can be attained and maintained. The book discusses challenging issues like enhancing system efficiency, performance, and assurance management, and blends the concept of system modeling and optimization techniques with soft computing, neural network, and sensor network approaches. In addition, it presents certain metrics and measurements that can be translated into business value. These metrics and measurements can also help to establish an empirical performance baseline for various applications, which can be used to identify changes in system performance. By presenting various intelligent technologies, the book provides readers with compact but insightful information on several broad and rapidly growing areas in the computation network application domain. The book’s twenty-two chapters examine and address current and future research topics in areas like neural networks, soft computing, nature-inspired computing, fuzzy logic and evolutionary computation, machine learning, smart security, and wireless networking, and cover a wide range of applications from pattern recognition and system modeling, to intelligent control problems and biomedical applications. The book was written to serve a broad readership, including engineers, computer scientists, management professionals, and mathematicians interested in studying tools and techniques for computational intelligence and applications for performance analysis. Featuring theoretical concepts and best practices in computational network applications, it will also be helpful for researchers, graduate and undergraduate students with an interest in the fields of soft computing, neural networks, machine learning, sensor networks, smart security, etc..

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Product Focused Software Process Improvement, PROFES 2004, held in Kansai Science City, Japan in April 2004. The 41 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected and constitute a balanced mix of academic and industrial aspects. The papers are organized in topical sections on software process improvement, software quality, measurement, methods and tools, experimental software engineering, industrial experiences, agile methods, software process assessment, requirements engineering, and software reuse and COTS..

This book will focus on utilizing statistical modelling of the software source code, in order to resolve issues associated with the software development processes. Writing and maintaining software source code is a costly business; software developers need to constantly rely on large existing code bases. Statistical modelling identifies the patterns in software artifacts and utilize them for predicting the possible issues..